Recent electrokinetic strategies for isolation, enrichment and separation of extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of cell-derived membrane that present in almost all body fluids. EVs have gained significant interest over the last decades as mediators key functions numerous patho-physiological condition (clearance, signalling, trophic support, cargo delivery) and potential prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. The endogenous delivery capacities these nanometric entities also hold high engineered drug nanocarriers for clinical pharmaceutical applications, especially targeted therapies. Nevertheless, knowledge about features individual (composition, physical chemical characteristics) is still at infancy because technical challenges to purify analyze various subpopulations EVs. In this review, comprehensive overview electrokinetically driven methods isolation, enrichment characterization presented. This review covers new trends analytical science (over 7 years up till 2020), serving high-quality production, analysis quality control, which expected provide powerful complementary alternatives conventional recently emerged approaches such microfluidics. We critically discuss here pros cons different instrumental methodological developments electrokinetic strategies applied